Epiglottitis

• email
• save PDF
• print

Epiglottitis is less common than croup, but more serious. It occurs mainly in toddlers and preschoolers. Epiglottitis is seen much less frequently these days because of widespread immunisation against Haemophilus influenzae.

When to see the doctor

What causes it?

Epiglottitis is caused by a germ (Haemophilus influenzae) which causes inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis. The epiglottis normally sits at the top of the windpipe and prevents food and liquid entering the windpipe during swallowing. When it is inflamed and swollen, the epiglottis blocks air flow, making it hard to breathe and causing marked distress.

What are the symptoms?

The onset of epiglottitis is very rapid. Unlike croup, where the child has symptoms of a cold before they develop a barking cough and stridor, epiglottitis develops rapidly in a child who has previously been perfectly well. Within a few hours a child can be desperately sick. They look toxic, pale and unwell, with saliva drooling from their open mouth. A soft, snoring noise may be heard when they breathe, and the child usually sits well forward, refusing to lie down because it causes them further respiratory distress. The child is irritable and restless, feels hot, and is difficult to console.

Is there a test?

There is no test for epiglottitis. The diagnosis of epiglottitis is made on the basis of a very rapid onset of symptoms in a previously well child. In fact, no investigations or procedures (such as taking blood, measuring temperature, and so on) should be performed if epiglottitis is suspected, because they may distress the child and bring on obstruction of the windpipe.

How is it treated?

If you suspect your child has epiglottitis take them immediately to a hospital which has an intensive care unit. A breathing tube is usually inserted to help the child breathe, and antibiotics are given intravenously.

How can I prevent it?

You can prevent epiglottitis by having your child vaccinated against Haemophilus influenzae. This is commonly called the Hib vaccine, and is now available in Australia. If your child is fully immunised it will prevent them from contracting this and other potentially fatal diseases.

• Rated3 ratingsRate this item
• FeedbackTell us what you think of this item